Editors:

P. Elsner,
Howard I. Maibach (Professor),
Hans F. Merk

About this book

th Together with the 6 Amendment - Council Directive 93/35 EEC - to the Cosmetic Directive 76/768 EEC it was the first time that, according to Article 7b, special claims of efficacy could be legally attributed to cosmetic products but under the obligation to make evidence of the claimed effects; also an entirely new "controller" was introduced - the independent "safety assessor", This indeed means not only progress in reliable and honest marketing arguments but above all transparency as to the respective proof and thus protection of consumer's health. Such claims demand high standards in scientifi cally based methodology and their results in order to prove such demands evidently. There are also within the 6" Amendment to the Cosmetic Directive in Article 4a strict restrictions as to the further use of conventional animal testing for cosmetic pro ducts and their ingredients and especially for finished products. Without doubt there is a competition between the necessity and expectations on consumer health on the one hand and the requirements of acknowledged protection of animals as done in Council Directive 86/609 EEC on the other. But at least, based on the present state of knowledge, tests in human beings cannot replace animal testing in all instances. Not only ethical reasons alone prohibit or impede testing in humans but also very often the lack of knowledge on functional and/or biological processes underlaying observed effects with the consequence that suitable experimental methodologies are missing.

Table of contents (25 chapters)

Pages I-XVI
General Background
1. Front Matter
  
  Pages 1-1
2. Cosmetic Claim Substantiation in the United States: Legal Considerations
  
  G. N. McEwen Jr, E. G. Murphy
  
  Pages 3-19
3. The Contribution of the European Cosmetics Directive Towards International Harmonization: Impact on the Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy
  
  Ph. Masson
  
  Pages 20-35
4. Claim Support in Japan: Legal Aspects
  
  H. Tagami
  
  Pages 36-49
5. Claim Support: Ethical Aspects for Conducting Human Studies
  
  V. Zuang
  
  Pages 50-54
Efficacy
1. Front Matter
  
  Pages 55-55
2. In Vivo Evaluation of the Hydration State of the Skin: Measurements and Methods for Claim Support
  
  A. O. Barel, P. Clarys, B. Gabard
  
  Pages 57-80
3. Oily Skin: Claim Support Strategies
  
  R. L. Rizer
  
  Pages 81-91
4. On the Problems of In Vivo Cleansing of the Human Skin
  
  K. Schrader
  
  Pages 92-106
5. Methods for Antiperspirant and Deodorant Efficacy Evaluations
  
  J. E. Wild, J. P. Bowman, L. P. Oddo
  
  Pages 107-115
6. Sunscreens
  
  B. Gabard
  
  Pages 116-134
7. Self- or Sunless Tanning Lotions
  
  S. B. Levy
  
  Pages 135-139
8. Antidandruff
  
  U.-F. Haustein, P. Nenoff
  
  Pages 140-155
9. Efficacy of Barrier Creams (Skin Protective Creams)
  
  H. Zhai, H. I. Maibach
  
  Pages 156-166
10. Anti-Cellulite
  
  C. Rona, E. Berardesca
  
  Pages 167-174
11. Methods for Claim Support in Cosmetology: Hair Cosmetics
  
  L. J. Wolfram
  
  Pages 175-186
12. Racial Differences in Skin Function: Related to Claim Support
  
  E. Berardesca, H. I. Maibach
  
  Pages 187-196
13. The In Vivo Biomechanical Testing of the Skin and the Cosmetological Efficacy Claim Support: A Critical Overview
  
  L. Rodrigues
  
  Pages 197-208
14. Skin Gloss Metry
  
  V. Wienert
  
  Pages 209-214

Editors:

About this book

Table of contents (25 chapters)

General Background

Front Matter

Cosmetic Claim Substantiation in the United States: Legal Considerations

The Contribution of the European Cosmetics Directive Towards International Harmonization: Impact on the Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy

Claim Support in Japan: Legal Aspects

Claim Support: Ethical Aspects for Conducting Human Studies

Efficacy

Front Matter

In Vivo Evaluation of the Hydration State of the Skin: Measurements and Methods for Claim Support

Oily Skin: Claim Support Strategies

On the Problems of In Vivo Cleansing of the Human Skin

Methods for Antiperspirant and Deodorant Efficacy Evaluations

Sunscreens

Self- or Sunless Tanning Lotions

Antidandruff

Efficacy of Barrier Creams (Skin Protective Creams)

Anti-Cellulite

Methods for Claim Support in Cosmetology: Hair Cosmetics

Racial Differences in Skin Function: Related to Claim Support

The In Vivo Biomechanical Testing of the Skin and the Cosmetological Efficacy Claim Support: A Critical Overview

Skin Gloss Metry

Cosmetics Controlled Efficacy Studies and Regulation